Waa maxay daawada hargab ee ugu fiican?
Macluumaadka DaroogadaMaadaama hargabku yahay fayras, nasashada iyo dareerayaasha badiyaa waa safka ugu horreeya ee difaaca - ma ahan antibiyootiko. Hargabku lama daaweyn karo; si kastaba ha noqotee, daawooyinka la heli karo ayaa gaabin kara muddada calaamadaha, ayay tiri Elizabeth Bald, Pharm.D., Kaaliyaha borofisar (kiliinikada) ee qaybta dawooyinka dawada ee Jaamacadda Utah.
Haddii lagugu ogaado ifilada, fursadaha ayaa ah in qorshaha daaweynta daryeel caafimaad bixiyahaagu uu kugula talin doono oo keliya inaad cabto biyo badan oo aad sariirta ku jiifato. Si kastaba ha noqotee, dawooyinka miiska laga iibsado iyo dawooyinka dhakhtar qoro qaarkood ayaa yareyn kara astaamaha.
XIDHIIDHKA: Calaamadaha hargabka 101
Dawada hargabka ee aad iibsato
Ma jiro daawo-qoris (OTC) oo dawayn doonta hargabka. Daawada loo calaamadeeyay daaweynta hargabka iyo hargabka ayaa si fudud gacan uga geysan karta yareynta calaamadaha qaarkood-sidaa darteed hubi inaad hesho mid si gaar ah u leh xanuunka iyo xanuunka aad dhab ahaan la kulantid.
Hargabku wuxuu sababi karaa arrimo kala duwan, laga bilaabo hunguriga oo xanuun ilaa calool xanuun. Haddii aad xummad leedahay, waxa ku filan qiyaas ah Tylenol (acetaminophen). Qufac xilli habeen ah oo jir xanuun leh, daawo isku dhafan ayaa sameyn karta tabta. Haddii aad ku socoto wadadii soo kabashada oo aad kaliya dareento in wax walba lagaa buuxiyay, qof wax baabi'iya ayaa laga yaabaa inuu yahay ikhtiyaarka ugu fiican.
Way adkaan kartaa in la ogaado nooca hargabka ee ugu fiican, gaar ahaan markaad xanuun dareento. U adeegso shaxdan inaad isbarbar dhig ku sameyso daawooyinkaan aad qaadan karto si aad u daweyso astaamahaaga. Kadib, ku dar iyaga nasasho badan iyo cabitaanno.
| Calaamadaha | Fasalka daroogada | Magaca (yada) daroogada | Xaddidaadda iyo waxyeellooyinka soo raaca | Kaydinta SingleCare |
| Qandho iyo xanuun joojiye | Xanuunada | Tylenol (acetaminophen); Motrin, Advil (ibuprofen) | Iska ilaali inaad Aspirin siiso carruurta khatarta ah inaad Reye's syndrome . Qaar ka mid ah daawooyinka hargabka ee isku dhafan ayaa sidoo kale ku jira acetaminophen; ka taxaddar inaadan qaadan wax ka badan 4,000 mg oo ah acetaminophen maalintii. | Hel kuubbo Tylenol Soo qaado boondhiga Motrin Hel kuubbo Advil ah |
| Qufac | Xakamaynta qufaca | Robitussin, Robafen Qufac (dextromethorphan) | Ha ku darin qamriga. Ka fogow wadista illaa aad ka ogaato sida daroogadani kuu saameyso. Daawadani waxay sababi kartaa lulmo, dawakhaad, ama aragga oo daciifa. | Qaado kuuboon |
| Cune xanuun | Meelaha cunaha loo maro | Cepacol (benzocaine / menthol) | Cunista badan waxay u horseedi kartaa dhibaatooyin caloosha ah ama shuban | Qaado kuuboon |
| Ciriiriga sanka ama sanka oo xirma | Sumoolayaasha | Sudafed (pseudoephedrine); Sudafed PE (phenylephrine) | Haddii aad uur leedahay, ama aad qabto dhiig kar, waa inaad ka fogaataa daawooyinkan. Qaar ka mid ah daawooyinka hargabka ee isku dhafan ayaa sidoo kale ku jira sunta sunta baabi'isa, iska jir inaad wax badan qaadato. | Qaado kuuboon |
| Filasho (inuu dabciyo xab) | Mucinex (guaifenesin) | Mucinex looma isticmaalo in lagu yareeyo qufaca xaaladaha muddada dheer sida neefta, emphysema, ama boronkiitada daran. Ka hubi dhakhtar haddii aad uur leedahay ama aad kalkaaliso tahay. | Qaado kuuboon | |
| Sanka oo dareera | Antihistamines | Benadryl (diphenhydramine); Claritin (loratadine) | Daawooyinkaasi waxay sababi karaan lulmo. | Soo qaado koobiga Benadryl Soo qaado kuuboon Claritin |
| Steroid sanka lagu buufiyo | Flonase (fluticasone propionate) | Buufinta sanka ee isteeroydhiska waxay sababi kartaa gubasho sanka ama cuncun leh. | Qaado kuuboon | |
| Dhamaan inta kore | Daawada isku dhafka ah | Dayquil (acetaminophen, dextromethorphan, phenylephrine); Nyquil (acetaminophen, dextromethorphan, doxylamine); Theraflu (acetaminophen, pheniramine, iyo phenylephrine) | Si gaar ah uga taxaddar qiyaasta daawooyinka isku dhafan. Qaadashada acetaminophen aad u badan waxay u horseedi kartaa dhaawac beerka ama dhimasho. | Hel kuubbo Dayquil ah Hel kuubbo Nyquil ah Soo qaado buuga Theraflu |
| Shuban | Shuban-biyoodka | Imodium (loperamide); Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate (bismuth subsalicylate) | La tasho dhakhtarkaaga haddii shubanku uu socdo wax ka badan 2 maalmood inta aad qaadanaysid daawooyinkan. Bismuth subsalicylate waa in laga fogaadaa kuwa leh taariikh dhibaatooyinka dhiigbaxa. Ka hubi dhakhtar haddii aad uur leedahay ama aad kalkaaliso tahay. | Hel kuubbo Imodium Hel kuubbo Pepto-Bismol ah Soo qaado kuuboon Kaopectate |
XIDHIIDHKA: Benadryl oo aan lulmo-maxaa ikhtiyaar ii ah?
Dawooyinka hargabka
Tallaalada iyo daawooyinka rijeetada ee ka hortagga ifilada ayaa la heli karaa si looga hortago loona daaweeyo hargabka.
Tallaalka
Daaweynta ugu fiican ee hargabku waa inaad iska ilaaliso inaad ku dhacdo gabi ahaanba. Tallaalka hargabku waa safka koowaad ee muhiimka ah ee difaaca. Tallaalkan ayaa ah sida ugu wanaagsan ee looga badbaadiyo naftaada iyo dadka kaleba hargabka, ayuu yidhi Dr. Bald.
Qaadashada tallaalka hargabku waa mid aad muhiim u ah sannadkan iyada oo astaamaha ifilada si fudud loogu khaldi karo astaamaha coronavirus, nidaamkeenna caafimaadna durba culeys ayaa ka saaran daryeelka bukaannada qaba COVID-19, ayuu yiri Dr. Bald.
XIDHIIDHKA: Waa maxay sababta tallaalka hargabku uga muhiimsan yahay sidii hore
Ka hortaga fayraska
Haddii aad khatar sare ugu jirto dhibaatooyinka hargabka , ah Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada (CDC) waxay kugula talineysaa daawada fayraska kahortaga si loo yareeyo darnaanta astaamaha iyo muddada jirrada. Markii si dhakhso leh loo bilaabay, daawooyinkan ka hortagga fayraska ayaa la muujiyey inay gaagayaan muddada calaamadaha hargabka nus ilaa saddex maalmood, ayuu sharxayaa Dr. Bald.
XIDHIIDHKA: Intee in le'eg ayuu hargabku soconayaa?
Waxaa jira lix daawo oo kahortaga fayraska oo ay ansixisay FDA oo daryeel caafimaad bixiyahaagu qori karo.
| Magaca daroogada | Qiyaasta caadiga ah | Kaydinta SingleCare |
| Tamiflu (oseltamivir) | 75 mg afka laba jeer maalintii 5 maalmood | Qaado kuuboon |
| Rapivab (peramivir) | 600 mg IV faleebo ka badan 15-30 daqiiqo oo ay maamusho xirfadle daryeel caafimaad | Hel kaarka Rx |
| Relenza (zanamivir) | 10 mg (laba 5 mg oo la neefsanayo) laba jeer maalintii 5 maalmood | Qaado kuuboon |
| Xofluza (marboxil) | 40 mg afka ka qaadasho ahaan | Qaado kuuboon |
| Symmetrel (amantadine) | 200 mg afka laga qaato sida hal qaadasho ama 2 qiyaasood oo loo qaybiyay | Qaado kuuboon |
| Flumadine (rimantadine) | 100 mg afka laba jeer maalintii 7 maalmood | Qaado kuuboon |
Haddii aad u maleynaysid inaad hargab qabtid, waqtiga ayaa muhiim ah. Daaweynta ka hortagga fayraska waxaa loo isticmaali karaa bukaan-socodka bukaan-socodka ee aan halista badan lahayn haddii lagu bilaabo 48 saacadood gudahood laga bilaabo astaamaha, Dr. Bald ayaa leh. Daawooyinka fayraska fayraska qaarkood ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa kahortaga hargabka bukaanka… kuwaas oo xiriir dhaw la yeeshay qof qaba hargab la xaqiijiyay ama looga shakisan yahay 48 saac ee la soo dhaafay. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, daawooyinka fayraska ka hortagga ah waxaa laga yaabaa inay waxtar u leeyihiin bukaanada qaba jirro daran, dhib badan, ama jirro horumar leh, iyo bukaannada isbitaalka la dhigo xitaa haddii daaweyntu ay bilaabato 48 saacadood ka dib markii uu xanuunku soo billowday – marka waa muhiim in la arko dhakhtar lana helo qorshe daaweyn ah iyadoo aan loo eegin
Sida iska cad, ma jiro qorshe hal-cabbir-dhan-daaweyn ah. Kiis kasta oo hargab waa mid gaar ah, sidoo kalena qorshaha ayaa loo baahan yahay in lagu daaweeyo. Dr. Bald wuxuu sharxayaa in, sida caadiga ah, oseltamivir lagu taliyo inay tahay daaweynta ugu horeysa ee bukaanada isbitaalka ku jira ee laga shakiyo ama la xaqiijiyo hargabka, bukaan socodka bukaanjiifka ah ee qaba dhibaatooyinka ama cudurka soo socda ee laga shakisan yahay ama hargabka laga shakisan yahay ama la xaqiijiyay, iyo bukaanka naas nuujinaya. Tamiflu wuxuu mudan yahay in la qaato si cudurka looga dhigo mid fudud oo gaagaaban iyo in la yareeyo halista dhibaatooyinka ka dhalan kara xaaladaha daran ama kuwa halista badan, Dr. Bald ayaa leh.
Su'aalaha la iska waydiiyo ee hargabka
Sababtoo ah xilli kasta oo hargab – iyo daawo kasta oo hargab – aad ayey u kala duwan yihiin, way adkaan kartaa inaad dareento inaad haysato aqoon casri ah oo kugu filan oo aad ku ogaan karto sida loo daaweeyo hargabka. Laakiin waxaa jira macluumaad aad ku cadaadin kartid hadda oo kaa caawin doona inaad iska ilaaliso naftaada oo aad caafimaad qabtid. Waa kuwan jawaabaha qaar ka mid ah su'aalaha badanaa la isweydiiyo (iyo fikradaha qaldan) ee ku saabsan daaweynta hargabka.
Hargabku ma la daaweyn karaa?
Daawooyinka miiska laga iibsado ayaa kaa caawin kara astaamaha astaamaha, laakiin xitaa daawooyinka fayraska ee dawada ee dawada looga baahan yahay ma daaweyn karaan hargabka.
Daawooyinka kor ku xusan waxay yareyn karaan mudada iyo darnaanta hargabka, laakiin maahan daawo, ayaa leh James Wilk, MD , Dhakhtarka dawada gudaha ee UCHealth Primary Care - Steele Street ee Denver. Nasiib wanaagse, hargabku wuxuu soconayaa koorsadiisa toddobaad ama laba toddobaad gudahood.
Waa maxay daawada ugufiican hargabku?
Tani waa su'aal khiyaano leh maxaa yeelay jawaabtu si waali ah ayey isu beddeli kartaa iyadoo kuxiran duruufta. Waxa 'ugu fiican' waxay kuxirantahay xaalada caafimaad - haddii bukaanku ubaahanyahay IV ama daaweynta neefta, Dr. Wilk ayaa leh. Waxay sidoo kale kuxirantahay joogitaanka noocyada hargabka ee u adkeysta oseltamivir ee bulshada. Haddii uusan jirin cadaadis iska caabin ah, oseltamivir waa xulasho aad u fiican dadka badankood.
Dhakhtarku ma ku siin karaa wax hargabka?
Sababtoo ah baahsanaanta COVID-19 (iyo sida ay ugu egtahay hargabka), dhakhaatiirtu waxay ku dhiirrigelinayaan bukaannada inay xitaa ka feejignaadaan astaamaha hargabka oo kale sannadkan. Sannadkan, COVID-19 wuxuu ina wada tuurayaa kubbadda cagta, Dr. Wilk ayaa leh. Sababta oo ah hargabka iyo COVID-19 oo leh calaamado isku dhow, waxay muhiim u tahay qof kasta oo qaba astaamaha hargabka oo kale- qandho , qarqaryo, madax xanuun, murqo xanuun, qufac, dareemid xanuun iyo kuwa kale - si loola xiriiro bixiyahooda daryeelka aasaasiga ah si looga baaro ifilada iyo COVID-19 oo aan guriga loogu sugin.
Antibiyootig miyuu u shaqeyn doonaa hargabka?
Jawaabta oo kooban waa tan: maya.Hargabku waxaa sababa fayras, Dr. Blad ayaa leh. Antibiyootikada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo infekshannada ay sababaan bakteeriyada waxtarna uma leh daaweynta hargabka.
Dr. Wilkes wuu oggol yahay, wuxuuna ku daray in daawooyinka fayraska looga hortago-sida kuwa kor ku xusan-ay hagaajin karaan astaamaha ayna yareeyn karaan darnaanta iyo muddada hargabka.
Tamiflu ma mudan yahay in la qaato?
Waxay noqon kartaa. Dadka badankood uma baahna daawo haddii ay qaadaan ifilada; si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii aad ku jirto koox khatar sare ah, aad aad u jiran tahay, ama aad ka walwalsan tahay cudurkaaga, daawooyinka fayraska ka hortagga ah (oo ay ku jiraan Tamiflu) ayaa mudan in la qaato si cudurka looga dhigo mid fudud oo gaagaaban iyo in la yareeyo halista dhibaatooyinka. Waana muhiim in la xasuusto taas Tamifluwaxay si fiican u shaqeysaa haddii aad bilowdo inaad ku qaadatid 48 saacadood gudahood laga bilaabo bilawga astaamaha, taas oo ah sababta raadinta daryeel caafimaad hore ay muhiim u tahay, Dr. Wilkes ayaa leh.
XIDHIIDHKA: Tamiflu ma nabad qabaa?
Maxaa dhacaya haddii hargabka aan la daaweyn?
Hargabku inta badan kaligiis ayuu xaliyaa toddobo ilaa 14 maalmood kadib, laakiin dadka qaar waxaa ku dhaca cudur aad u daran. In kasta oo dadka badankood ay si aan macquul ahayn u bogsadaan, dad badan ayaa ku dhaca sambabka oo markaa ka dib in yarna ay yeeshaan dhibaatooyin xagga wadnaha ah ama dhibaatooyin xagga neerfaha ah, sida cudurka Guillain-Barre syndrome, ayuu yidhi Dr. Wilks Ilaa 30,000 ilaa 50,000 oo Mareykan ah ayaa u dhinta sanad kasta hargabka. Daaweynta oseltamivir ama daroogooyinka kale waxay yareyn karaan halista u baahan isbitaal dhigida iyo dhimashada.
